The contexts within which the correspondences operate can include religious, moral, political, personal, or satiric.Īllusion: a reference, wi thout explicit identification, to a person, place, or event, or to another literary work or passage typical examples are Biblical and classical allusions.Įxample: "A Daniel came to judgement" (Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice).Īntimetabole: repetition of same words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order.Įxample: One should eat to live, not live to eat (Molière, L'Avare).Īpostrophe: address to a person (real or non-existent) or abstract quality not literally listeningĮxample: Milton ! thou should be living at this hour (Wordsworth).Īssonance: repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words (similar to alliteration).Įxample: An old, mad, blind, despised, and dying king (Shelley, "Sonnet: England in 1819").Ĭhiasmus: reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses, but does not repeat the words (X, "the criss-cross").Įxample: By day the frolic, and the dance by night (Samuel Johnson, "The Vanity of Human Wishes").Ĭonsonance: repetition of identical consonant sounds with different vowel sounds in adjacent words.Įxample: I heard the pitter patter of little feet.ĭiction: refers to the poet's choice of words in a poem. Some elaborate allegories can have several sets of correspondences simultaneously. Consonance is a repetition of consonant sounds.Įxample: A sable, silent, solemn forest stood (James Thomson, "The Castle of Indolence").Īllegory: a narrative in which all (or most) of the events, locales, and characters correspond systematically to the events and characters in a completely different context. Repetition of vowel sounds is called assonance. Repeated consonant sounds in the middle or at the ends of words is called internal alliteration. Repeated consonant sounds at the beginning of words is called initial alliteration.
Alliteration: repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more adjacent words.
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